Libraries (documentation)

1. Rspec Documentation
2. Capybara Documentation
   1. https://www.rubydoc.info/github/teamcapybara/capybara/master
   2. examples here: https://github.com/teamcapybara/capybara/tree/master/features
   3. https://devhints.io/capybara
   4. http://cheatrags.com/capybara
   5. https://www.cheatography.com/corey/cheat-sheets/capybara-with-rspec/
3. Factory Girl Documentation
4. Webmock Documentation
5. Timecop Documentation
6. Shoulda Matchers
7. Fuubar Release

Cucumber Tables:

• http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/cucumber/1.3.17/Cucumber/Ast/Table
  • Class: Cucumber::Ast::OutlineTable
  • Inherits:
  • Defined in:lib/cucumber/ast/outline_table.rb
• Special Tables:
  • https://www.relishapp.com/philou/cucumber-tricks/docs/special-tables
• https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber/wiki/Calling-Steps-from-Step-Definitions
• http://makandracards.com/makandra/18905-how-to-not-repeat-yourself-in-cucumber-scenarios
• http://www.methodsandtools.com/tools/cucumber.php

Cucumber step definitions:

• https://www.jetbrains.com/help/ruby/2016.1/creating-step-definition.html
• https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber/wiki/Calling-Steps-from-Step-Definitions
• https://cucumber.io/docs/reference
• https://gojko.net/2015/02/25/how-to-get-the-most-out-of-given-when-then/

=== CAPYBARA ===

Interacting with page elements

Summary

When interacting with the page, use action methods like click_on instead of finder methods like find whenever possible. Capybara knows the most about what you’re doing with those methods, and can more intelligently handle odd edge cases.

When verifying that elements are on the page as expected, use RSpec matchers like have_css instead of node methods like text whenever possible. Capybara can wait for the result you want with a matcher, but doesn’t know what text you’re expecting when you invoke methods on a node.

CAPYBARA (Library, DSL, CheatSheet)

• https://github.com/jnicklas/capybara
• http://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara
• http://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara/master/Capybara
• http://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara/master#the-dsl
• https://www.gridlastic.com/capybara-cucumber-code-example.html

More resources on Capybara: (if you care to read more):

• https://robots.thoughtbot.com/write-reliable-asynchronous-integration-tests-with-capybara
• https://quickleft.com/blog/five-capybara-hacks-to-make-your-testing-experience-less-painful/
• https://www.sitepoint.com/basics-capybara-improving-tests/
• https://robots.thoughtbot.com/write-reliable-asynchronous-integration-tests-with-capybara
• http://www.slideshare.net/koffeinfrei/functional-testing-with-capybara
• http://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara/master/Capybara/Session
• https://quickleft.com/blog/five-capybara-hacks-to-make-your-testing-experience-less-painful/
• http://blog.plataformatec.com.br/2011/02/improving-your-tests-with-capybara-custom-selectors/
• https://www.varvet.com/blog/simple-tricks-to-clean-up-your-capybara-tests/

CAPYBARA SYNTAX and Examples

When /^I click on New Item$/ do
click_link ('New Item')
end

can then become… to reuse the same step in other scenarios

When /^I click on (.*)$/ do |link|
click_link (link)
end

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6930927/how-do-i-confirm-a-javascript-popup-with-capybara

example:

http://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara/Capybara%2FSession%3Aaccept_confirm

example;

FIND ELEMENT by ID and validate content

these work as step definitions:

better to use the newest “expect”… than “page.has…”

GOOD EXAMPLE:

BETTER EXAMPLE: only confirms that xpath is present!

BETTER EXAMPLE: finds the xpath and confirms the content value

Use Within, so you are not scoping the whole page

EXACT TEXT MATCH

or element contains text

see:

• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16283149/rails-cucumber-capybara-matching-exact-link-text
• http://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara/#Exactness
• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23259274/in-capybara-does-exact-or-capybara-exact-apply-to-have-selector

NOTE: Capybara won’t consider the content to exist if it is not visible.

Scenario: ‘Exact match‘ example

Given an element on the page with the text string “chocolate cake”

When using ‘expect(content).to eq(cake)‘ step definition

Then my test will Fail because “cake” does not equal to “chocolate cake”

Scenario: ‘Contains text’ example

Given an element on the page with the text string “chocolate cake”

When using ‘should have_content(cake)‘ step definition

Then my test will Pass because “cake” is found within the string “chocolate cake”

1- EXACT MATCH EXAMPLES:

Example with clicking on an element by its name: Exact Match

2- CONTAINS TEXT EXAMPLES: (not exact match)

Examples with clicking on an element by its name: Contains Text

if you use the following: it will check if content exists but not exact content match!

but useful if dictionary labels keep changing, you can assert that only part of the text is present.

should have_content(arg1)

3- USING CAPYBARA EXACT = TRUE:

ALSO you can use Following for: Capybara.exact = true

expect(page).to have_content(arg1)

OR

expect(tooltiptext).to eq(arg1)

HREF

try if these work:

link = page.find(:css, 'a[href="actual link"]')

HAS_LINK

https://github.com/jnicklas/capybara

has_link_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true
Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_link?' do
before do
@session.visit('/with_html')
end

it "should be true if the given link is on the page" do
expect(@session).to have_link('foo')
expect(@session).to have_link('awesome title')
expect(@session).to have_link('A link', :href => '/with_simple_html')
expect(@session).to have_link(:'A link', :href => :'/with_simple_html')
expect(@session).to have_link('A link', :href => /\/with_simple_html/)
end

it "should be false if the given link is not on the page" do
expect(@session).not_to have_link('monkey')
expect(@session).not_to have_link('A link', :href => '/non-existant-href')
expect(@session).not_to have_link('A link', :href => /non-existant/)
end
end

Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_no_link?' do
before do
@session.visit('/with_html')
end

it "should be false if the given link is on the page" do
expect(@session).not_to have_no_link('foo')
expect(@session).not_to have_no_link('awesome title')
expect(@session).not_to have_no_link('A link', :href => '/with_simple_html')
end

it "should be true if the given link is not on the page" do
expect(@session).to have_no_link('monkey')
expect(@session).to have_no_link('A link', :href => '/non-existant-href')
expect(@session).to have_no_link('A link', :href => /\/non-existant-href/)
end
end

—

Capybara doesn’t provide a link_to method so I’m not sure where you’re getting that from (rails provides a link_to for generating links in the view). To find a link based on just its href using capybara you could do

link = page.find(:css, 'a[href="actual link"]')

or if you’re looking to assert that the element exists

page.assert_selector(:css, 'a[href="actual link"]')

or – if using RSpec

expect(page).to have_selector(:css, 'a[href="actual link"]')

Since have link by default searches for substrings in the link text you can also do

expect(page).to have_link(nil, href: 'actual link')

or

page.assert_selector(:link, nil, href: 'actual link')

Current HOST, Current PATH, Current URL

Step def:

or

expect(page).to have_current_path(destination)

EXAMPLES:

EXPECTED: Path to equal "https://complete-url"

with this STEP DEF:

expect(page).to have_current_path(destination, url: true)

RESULT:

expected "https://site/path?var1=this&var2=that"

to equal "/path"

with this STEP DEF:

expect(page).to have_current_path(destination, only_path: true)

RESULT:

PASS!

TO PRINT OUT in command prompt:

read: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5228371/how-to-get-current-path-with-query-string-using-capybara

If the current page is /people?search=name but you only care that it’s on the /people page regardless of the param, you can send the only_path option:

expect(page).to have_current_path(people_path, only_path:true)

Additionally, if you want to compare the entire URL:

expect(page).to have_current_path(people_url, url:true)

ASSERT URLs

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5153550/capybara-assert-attributes-of-an-element

To Try:

ASSERT ATTRIBUTES

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5153550/capybara-assert-attributes-of-an-element

Simply you can use page.has_css? method

this will return true if element exists.

Do some action based on validation.

Example: page has CSS

if css style changed between being disabled and not disabled.

ie. when button is enabled, the class = “wd-button ptdlb-download-button wd-uppercase”

when button is disabled, the class = “wd-button ptdlb-download-button wd-uppercase wd-button-disabled”

ASSERT ATTRIBUTE IS VISIBLE OR NOT

from: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8801845/how-to-make-capybara-check-for-visibility-after-some-js-has-run

to try:

assert element is present, regardless of visibility

these might not work though?

assert visible element is not present

My working examples:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

check out: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8801845/how-to-make-capybara-check-for-visibility-after-some-js-has-run

or https://www.varvet.com/blog/introducing-capybara-2-1/

VISIBILITY

check out: https://makandracards.com/makandra/11133-how-to-test-print-stylesheets-with-cucumber-and-capybara

“LOCAL STORAGE”

We have a before hook already set in place. just add the tag before your scenario

or

Browser SESSION STORAGE

We have a before hook already set in place. just add the tag before your scenario

here is the code example:

“DEMANDBASE” (dmdbase_full) in Local Storage

Delete “DMDBASE_FULL” object

1- Function to delete existing ‘dmdbase_full’ key and value

GET “DMDBASE_FULL” object

2- funtion to get/read the value of  ‘dmdbase_full’ value

 you first need to visit the page.

SET “DMDBASE_FULL” object

3- funtion to define new value of ‘dmdbase_full’ from feature file variable named “countrycode” which stores the 2-letter value ex. FR

EXAMPLE with Local Storage Clear:

COOKIES

se the gem “show_me_the_cookie” included in the GEMFILE.

see:

• http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/show_me_the_cookies
• https://github.com/nruth/show_me_the_cookies

gem install show_me_the_cookies

examples:

also

Show_me_the_cookie gem has the following methods.

We can also create helper methods such as:

if cookie exist or does not exist:

the use the function:

see: https://github.com/nruth/show_me_the_cookies/blob/master/spec/spec_helper.rb

wondering if we already have this as part of the gem install though. might be worth checking out.

Reload Page

page.evaluate_script("window.location.reload()")

Maximize Browser Window

Resize Browser Window

SELECT OPTION FROM DROPDOWN

OPTION 1:

Basically here we are looking into a specific path in which we are looking to find a path option[2], meaning the second element from the dropdown list as an example.

The first example below is looking for a reference from the xpath.yml file. You can either go with option 1 or option 2 which is by adding a direct path there.

1. find(:xpath,$PATH[‘your_path_reference’])
2. find(‘#yourPath’)

OPTION 2:

using value of element in dropdown and name of dropdown vs xpath:

Gherkin and step definition:

Example 1 with a “examples data table” if you have more than one variation to test:

Example 2 with an argument:

OPTION 3: to be tested out if still works, as post was 6 years old and Capybara syntax may have changed

From: https://makandracards.com/makandra/864-test-that-a-select-option-is-selected-with-cucumber

also check out: https://makandracards.com/makandra/996-test-that-a-select-field-contains-an-option-with-cucumber

Example:

Check / Uncheck a ‘checkbox’

POPUPS & ALERTS

should have a “if” statement

references:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2458632/how-to-test-a-confirm-dialog-with-cucumber

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6930927/how-do-i-confirm-a-javascript-popup-with-capybara

https://github.com/teamcapybara/capybara/issues/29

http://toolsqa.com/selenium-webdriver/handling-of-alerts-javascript-alerts-and-popup-boxes/ (this is Java code but can likely re-use the selenium code)

Infinite scroll

see: http://www.tweetegy.com/2013/05/testing-infinite-scroll-using-rspec-without-sleep-or-wait-until/

=== RSPEC ====

identifying and verifying that elements are on the page as expected

rspec (rspec guidelines with ruby)

•  http://betterspecs.org/
• rspec_rails_cheetsheet.rb
•  https://github.com/rspec/rspec-expectations
• Tutorials:
  • https://www.codeschool.com/courses/testing-with-rspec

  • http://www.rubypigeon.com/posts/rspec-core-cheat-sheet/

TESTING API

Use RSPEC and not Capybara for testing APIs

• http://matthewlehner.net/rails-api-testing-guidelines/
• https://www.varvet.com/blog/capybara-and-testing-apis/

RSPEC MATCHERS

see: https://github.com/rspec/rspec-collection_matchers

EXAMPLE:

Basic usage

First of all, you need to require rspec-collection matchers. Add the following line to your spec_helper.rb:

require 'rspec/collection_matchers'

Using rspec-collection_matchers you can match the number of items in a collection directly, e.g.:

it 'matches number of items in a collection' do
  expect([1,2,3]).to have_at_least(3).items
end

You can also match the number of items returned by a method on an object, e.g.:

class Cart
  def initialize(*products)
    @products = products
  end
  attr_reader :products
end

it 'matches number of items returned from a method' do
  cart = Cart.new('product a', 'product b')
  expect(cart).to have_at_most(2).products
end

The last line of the example expresses an expected outcome: if cart.products.size <= 2 then the example passes, otherwise it fails with a message like:

expected at most 2 products, got 3
 

Available matchers

expect(collection).to have(n).items
expect(collection).to have_exactly(n).items
expect(collection).to have_at_most(n).items
expect(collection).to have_at_least(n).items

more ?

#Model 

@user.should have(1).error_on(:username) # Checks whether there is an error in username 
@user.errors[:username].should include("can't be blank")  # check for the error message 

#Rendering
response.should render_template(:index)

#Redirecting 
response.should redirect_to(movies_path)

#Capybara Matchers

response.body.should have_content("Hello world")
response.body.should have_no_content("Hello world")

response.body.should have_css("input#movie_title")
response.body.should have_css("input#movie_title", :value => "Twelve Angry Men")
response.body.should have_css("input", :count => 3) #True if there are 3 input tags in response
response.body.should have_css("input", :maximum => 3) # True if there or fewer or equal to 3 input tags 
response.body.should have_css("input", :minimum => 3) # True if there are minimum of 3 input tags 
response.body.should have_css("input", :between => 1..3) # True if there 1 to 3 input tags 
response.body.should have_css("p a", :text => "hello") # True if there is a anchor tag with text hello
response.body.should have_css("p a", :text => /[hH]ello(.+)/i) 
                                                   # True if there is a anchor tag with text matching regex

response.body.should have_xpath("//a")
response.body.should have_xpath("//a",:href => "google.com")
response.body.should have_xpath("//a[@href => 'google.com']")
response.body.should have_xpath("//a[contains(.,'some string')]")
response.body.should have_xpath("//p//a", :text => /re[dab]i/i, :count => 1)


# can take both xpath and css as input and can take arguments similar to both have_css and have_xpath
response.body.should have_selector(:xpath, "//p/h1")
response.body.should have_selector(:css, "p a#movie_edit_path")

# For making capybara to take css as default selector
Capybara.default_selector = :css
response.body.should have_selector("input")   #checks for the presence of the input tag
response.body.should have_selector("input", :value =>"Twelve Angry Men") # checks for input tag with value
response.body.should have_no_selector("input") 

# For making capybara to take css as default selector
Capybara.default_selector = :xpath
response.body.should have_selector("//input")   #checks for the presence of the input tag
response.body.should have_selector("//input", :value =>"Twelve Angry Men") # checks for input tag with value


# To access elements inside form 
response.body.should have_field("FirstName")  # checks for presence of a input field named FirstName in a form
response.body.should have_field("FirstName", :value => "Rambo")
response.body.should have_field("FirstName", :with => "Rambo")

response.body.should have_link("Foo")
response.body.should have_link("Foo", :href=>"googl.com")
response.body.should have_no_link("Foo", :href=>"google.com")

Hash rocket is not a valid XPath symbol (it leads to “Invalid expression” exception).

Please use an “equals” sign: it should be “//a[@href = ‘google.com’]” instead of “//a[@href => ‘google.com’]”.

However, regarding response.body.should have_css("input#movie_title", :value => "Twelve Angry Men"), :value is not actually a valid key for have_css, and :text doesn’t actually match against the value attribute of input fields I’ve found.

You can either do something like have_css("input#movie_title[value=\"Twelve Angry Men\"]"), or user the have_field and :with key.

This works but using page.should instead of response.body.should

You’d better use the new :expect syntax like expect(page).to have_

With capybara 2.4.4, if you want to find a field with a value, use the following

  expect(page).to have_field("My Field", with: "the value in the field")